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DOC 194 / 24 - Safe Design and Operation of On-site Nitrogen Generators for Food Use
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This publication provides specific guidelines for on-site nitrogen generators for food use.
An on-site nitrogen generator separates nitrogen from air for use directly at the user location delivered by pipeline. In terms of gas flow rates, on-site nitrogen generators range from a few litres per minute up to many tons per hour.
In the course of discussions with customers and authorities, requests are often made for compliance certificates related to nitrogen specifications, hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) studies, materials of construction and consumable materials for those on-site gas production units: pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane air separation system and cryogenic air separation system that are dedicated for food use.
On-site nitrogen generators for food use, for example for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) or inerting applications, are installed at customer sites by either gas companies or equipment suppliers and can be operated by either gas companies or food companies.
Nitrogen generators which use PSA and membrane technologies have potential hazards that shall be recognised and addressed in view of the applicable food laws.
The nitrogen produced from an on-site generator is used in many food applications as a processing aid (without purity limit) or additive (E941 as per Regulation 2012/231/EC laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners) [1].[1] Typical applications include but are not limited to: atmosphere protection of liquid and solid foodstuffs; tank blanketing; liquids mixing; liquid pressure transfer; modified atmosphere packaging; injection in liquid for container pressurisation; decarbonation; deoxygenation; beverage dispensing; and aerosol propulsion.